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§953. Private correspondence with foreign governments
Any citizen of the United States, wherever he may be, who, without authority of the United States, directly or indirectly commences or carries on any correspondence or intercourse with any foreign government or any officer or agent thereof, with intent to influence the measures or conduct of any foreign government or of any officer or agent thereof, in relation to any disputes or controversies with the United States, or to defeat the measures of the United States, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than three years, or both.
This section shall not abridge the right of a citizen to apply, himself or his agent, to any foreign government or the agents thereof for redress of any injury which he may have sustained from such government or any of its agents or subjects.
The President... shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur;
lawandorder: 我有看到有的宪法学者的评论,认为由于没有人由于违反这个法律而判过刑,因此这个法律的违宪问题一直没有受理过,但是如果针对其宪法性判决,很有可能会被判为违 ...
TFollowerII: 多谢LAO律师指点这个成文法desuetude的可能。
如果Private被解释为和official相对,那么这个成文法953的打击面就更大了。由普通人写的放在网上的公开信照该成文 ...
lawandorder: 这个法案并没有实效,而且还是有效法律 (still good law)。我想你可能考虑到 desuetude 这个法律概念, 如果这样,我同意你的分析。这法律200多年以来没有任何 ...
TFollowerII: 标题“Private correspondence with foreign governments”是内容(后面的字)一部分。为了确保对含义的准确把握,该法案的标题也应该和后面的文字一起理解。而 ...
TFollowerII: 国家信誉也是国家利益的一部分。但是我更觉得参议员的公开信更加维护了这种博弈中美国的信誉。
比如夫妻俩去买房,老公负责洽谈。老公和老婆都要在交易文件上签 ...
忆江南: 我觉得 Private 这个词用在这里并不是 Self-explanatory 的,因为Private除了私下的意思,也指 “having no official or public role or position”。 ...
TFollowerII: 国家信誉也是国家利益的一部分。但是我更觉得参议员的公开信更加维护了这种博弈中美国的信誉。
比如夫妻俩去买房,老公负责洽谈。老公和老婆都要在交易文件上签 ...
TFollowerII: 标题“Private correspondence with foreign governments”是内容(后面的字)一部分。为了确保对含义的准确把握,该法案的标题也应该和后面的文字一起理解。而 ...
忆江南: 这个有点意思,§953的标题中提到“Private correspondence”,但内容里我没看到对Private correspondence的定义,甚至好像没有Private或相近的词。
另外,请愿 ...
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